Pain management is a very important part of treating injuries and illness in horses. In this blog post we will break down the different categories of pain management medications and their common uses.

The primary medications we prescribe for owner administration in cases of pain are called non-steroidal anti inflammatories or NSAIDs. These medications primarily work by inhibiting enzymes that are part of the pathway in feeling pain and inflammation.

Flunixin Meglumine (brand name Banamine)

Banamine is commonly used for its anti-fever, anti-inflammatory, and pain relief properties. Most commonly prescribed for pain associated with colic or for fevers. This medication comes in an injectable form and an oral form. The injectable form is only to be given intravenously. If this medication is given outside of the vein or in the muscle, the horse is at risk for a severe bacterial infection called clostridial myositis. For this reason, only veterinarians should administer the injectable form. The oral form is commonly left for owners to keep in their emergency kit. It’s important to know that the oral form can take anywhere from 30-60 minutes to take effect after given.

Phenylbutazone (commonly known as Bute)

Bute is commonly used for musculoskeletal pain for lameness, wounds, or traumatic events. This medication comes in injectable, powder, tablet and paste forms. Similarly to Banamine, this medication should never be given outside of the vein. At Alpine Equine we typically prescribe the paste form of Bute as it allows for precise amount and ensures the horse gets all the medication. Powders and pills can be more difficult to administer a precise amount as they are typically put in feed. Bute has been known to have the side effect of gastric ulcers. This medication is a non-selective inhibitor of enzymes related to inflammation, this also inhibits enzymes associated with proper gastric function. For this reason, we commonly recommend the use of Gastroguard while on Bute to prevent this side effect.

Firocoxib (Brand name Equioxx)

Equioxx is commonly prescribed as a long-term pain relief option for horses with arthritis or other long-term pain. This medication is selective in the inflammation pathways that it inhibits. For this reason, it’s less damaging to gastric function and easier on horse’s kidneys. This makes it a great option for daily use. This medication comes in a tablet or paste form.

Acetaminophen (brand name Tylenol)

Another medication we less commonly used for pain management in horses is acetaminophen or Tylenol. This medication is not labeled for use in horses, but research has shown that it works effectively for pain in horses. This medication tends to have less gastrointestinal side effects than Bute or Banamine and can be used in combination with them for further pain management in cases such as laminitis. This medication comes in tablet form that can be purchased over the counter at a pharmacy.

Its important to work closely with your veterinarian to select the correct dose and medication for the situation. If you have any questions or concerns about these medications, we're here to discuss your horse's health.   Call  us at 970-379-7100.